Feb 12th 2011, 19:04 by By Lexington
A REFLECTION. Twenty years ago this week, and just like this week, I was glued to my TV set watching enthralling news from the Arab world. In mid-February 1991 the American-led war to push Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait was at its peak. So, it seemed back then, was American power in the Middle East and the world. In contrast to his son's clumsy diplomacy before the invasion of Iraq in 2003, George Bush senior had responded to Saddam's conquest of Kuwait with a brilliant sequence of economic and military moves. He raised a great international alliance, put Iraq under half a year of economic siege, persuaded the United Nations to authorise force if sanctions failed, and when the ground war finally started finished the whole business in a mere 100 hours of fighting.
With hindsight, it becomes apparent that the liberation of Kuwait was the beginning of America's dominating moment in the Middle East. The collapse of the Soviet Union had left the United States in pole position. "Desert Storm" gave America its first chance to demonstrate how its command of precision weapons made military resistance to the superpower futile. After the war, a triumphant President Bush proclaimed his desire to build a "new world order" and a new Middle East. He bullied the Israelis and Arabs to attend a peace conference in Madrid to sort out the Palestine conflict once and for all.
If the Gulf war of 1991 marked the beginning of America's moment in the Middle East, does the Egyptian revolution exactly 20 years later mark its end? You can certainly make that case. America did not achieve a comprehensive Arab-Israeli peace in Madrid. Contrary to expectations, Saddam was not pushed from power after America pushed him out of Kuwait. We now know that the arrival of American troops in the Arabian peninsula radicalised a certain Osama bin Laden and so led indirectly to the felling of the twin towers. The younger Bush's invasion of Iraq in 2003 caused colossal loss of life and inflicted grave damage on America's standing in the region. Now along comes a popular revolution that topples Hosni Mubarak, one of America's most reliable allies.
And yet I am disinclined to join the great hand-wringing in which some are indulging over America's declining power, or the alleged danger posed by the Muslim Brotherhood. The most striking thing about the current mood of this region is that, more than ever, it is in the throes of a great struggle of ideas. Arabs (and Iranians) look around them and see many different political systems claiming ascendancy. These range from Shia theocracy (Iran and Hizbullah), Sunni Islamism (Saudi Arabia, Hamas, al-Qaeda), secular dictatorship (Syria, Libya) and traditional monarchy (Morocco, Jordan, the Arab Gulf). But guess what? By far the strongest of the ideas currently on offer—and the one for which most Egyptians seemed to be clamouring these past few weeks—is none of the above. It is liberal democracy. Most of the others, I humbly submit, have already discredited themselves or are on their way into the dustbin of history. Just observe the burning desire of so many Iranians to emigrate to the lair of the Great Satan.
In other words, for all its many missteps of the past two decades, America is remarkably well placed to win the war of ideas now unfolding in the Middle East. This is not because Arabs are fond of America. Most aren't, right now. But thanks to globalisation, education, satellite television and the palpable failure of the local alternatives, most Arabs (and Iranians) are fully aware of what sort of societies the Western democracies are, and they would like some of the same fresh air for themselves. Is America less powerful today than when its pilots were shooting up Saddam's Republican Guard on the highway out of Kuwait 20 years ago? It has certainly learnt the hard way that it cannot shape the Middle East just as it wants. But its power of example remains strong in an Arab world whose people want most of all just to breathe free.
(Photo credit: AFP)
In this blog, our Lexington columnist enters America’s political fray and shares the many opinions that don't make it into his column each week. The column and blog are named after Lexington, Massachusetts, where the first shots were fired in the American war of independence.
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One item to be seriously considered in connection with the print column on Libya and the Iraq Syndrome is the one aspect of the war in Afghanistan.
Consider how long it took for the "surge" that Obama approved to be effective, how long it took to get 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan. That is apart from the problem where to put them.
Every soldier has to be flown in by air! At an estimated maximum of 250 per transport (perhaps fewer), that required 120 plane loads.
Now consider the problem of disengaging from Afghanistan - 130,000 personnel: about 1000 plane loads. That assumes that we leave all the gear behind: electronic communications equipment, tanks, trucks, artillery, helicopters, and assorted military gear. Leave it to the Afghan army? That means the Taliban might get it.
How long would it take to get everybody out? Six months, a year?
The Russians had it easy in 1989, they just packed up and drove home across the northern border.
We can only hope that the Taliban and associates will not lay their hands on missiles capable of shooting down troop transports.
If that happens, the end of the Vietnam war and the Saigon evacuation will come back to memory. There we had ships just off shore. In Afghanistan, where is the nearest friendly soil????
Not Pakistan!!
Leaving Afghanistan should bring home the failure of Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz et al's failure to read up on history: British evacuation of the country through the Khyber Pass to their own territory.
Where would the US transports fly to? Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan ???
Lexington made the US seem frighteningly Borg-like,
"Resistance is futile.....you will be assimilated."
But I guess that is better, marginally, than being like Daleks.
Faedrus wrote: Feb 13th 2011 4:25 GMT "One of the best ideas coming out of the US in recent years is that it could elect a president whose father was a Muslim.
In other words, that democracy can help a country move beyond petty tribalism.
In the Arab world, and elsewhere, this is big."
This is so true. It came up in my class of international students two days ago. The Arabs, the South Americans and the Europeans
all said that the Election of a black man with a Muslim name was such a shock to their concept of what the US was like that they had to revise their thinking. I asked them what they would have said three years ago if someone had told them such a man would be elected President of the US in the next 2 years. The whole class chorused one word, "impossible'"
Since July 2, 1776 these words have reverberated around the world,
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.” The US Declaration of Independence.
Many governments have fallen as have ideologies before the inexorable advance of this truly revolutionary idea. It does not matter if an American administration fails in obiesance to the idea as long as the idea itself lives. And it lives in the hearts of the American people even when their government pays it only lip service.
Tremble tyrants, wherever you may be, of whatever political or religious bent, the truth shall set your people free.
doublehelix wrote:
Feb 13th 2011 5:44 GMT
“You get fifteen Democrats in a room, and you get twenty opinions” - Patrick Leahy
“You get fifteen Republicans in a room, and you get one opinion, whatever is favorable to big business.” -- McJakome
Dirk Gently wrote: Feb 13th 2011 4:07 GMT @Working Man: «In his eyes, to use his own words, "Islam is the most democratic religion in the world".»
"Funny comment. Is there any religion in the world that has ever attempted democracy?"
Yes, the Friends [Quakers], and some liberal Protestant sects like Unitarians, Universalists and, occasionally Congregationalists. Other American sects like Baptists face scism when groups disagree [on virtually any subject] and the losers seceed. It is democracy by secession.
One information that I would love to find out in 2021 would be WHO insisted on sparing Saddam in February 1991. General Schwarzkopf surely intended to march on to Baghdad, judging from his successful transposition of von Manstein's "Fall Gelb", making Dunkerque out of Basra. Was it Bush Senior, of King Fahd, who had the last say on aborting the drive to Baghdad?
roadrunnr wrote:
Feb 13th 2011 7:26 GMT
"AIPAC has little to do with Mubarak. It's goal is to promote Israeli interests in the US."
-----------
LOL.
... to keep American taxpayers subsidizing a dispute in which America has no genuine strategic interest, whatsoever;
... and to prevent America from following America's genuine strategic interests in the Middle East.
If a lobbying body representing, say, the Soviet Union, or China, or Cuba, undertook that same activities that AIPAC does, Americans would have been, and would be, outraged. AIPAC's efforts amount to little more or less than subborning America's elected representatives to the will of a foreign power.
AIPAC is a cancer, plain and simple.
In general I'd say that the Arab world needs to do as they think best and forget what all the wagging tongues of the West have to say. If they want true freedom they should be willing to pay the price. Freedom is worth nothing less.
I think America, and the Western tradition of which America is a part, has already won the war of ideas - although probably the Arab world would not care to admit it. Dignity, freedom and (in the long run) good governance equates to liberal democracy and only liberal democracy.
The question is whether a free and democratic people can restrain themselves to the role of observers while a foreign power grinds their cousins into the dirt; denying them the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
@XogFs8w6Hy: Economic Democracy is codeword for socialism, might as well say it.
As for the first Iraq Qar, it was a UN-delimited action to put Iraq out of Kuwait - national soveriegnty was affirmed for both sides. Not entirely like Korea from 1950-53, it was a war that lost alot, and left only the status quo, rather than any resolution. Gulf War 2 was a resolution, or at least the end of that conflict. Now, we can disagree as to motivation, causes, etc., but it is what it is. The conflict between America and Iraq, as nation-states, is over. That conflict of course, revealed a far more deep and far-reaching one: the very concepts of freedom vs. terrorist-states-masking-as-religious. Who wins this? Time will tell, and history may as well.
Democracy and Freedom aren't new ideas. They just scare those in power, especially the entrenched. This could be any entrenched system, autocracy, monarchy, even pseudo-democracies all fear the word freedom. It means, choice, personal responsibility and the ability to pursue, as Jefferson, put it, happiness. It's the last one that those in power seem to have the biggest issue with.
God forbid the Arabs will fall for our corporate business run foolocracy.
We need examples of real democracies in this world, i.e. economic democracies.
Lastly, while we're talking about imperfections while establishing a representative government, we have a constitution that explicitly described black people as only counting as 3/5ths of a citizen.
So you really don't need a perfectly enlightened Constitution and a perfectly enlightened constituency to establish a democracy. Our country did fight a civil war *in part* because the notion that black people are equal to white people was just so darn controversial. So even if I were to accept all of your generalizations about Arab people, our very non-Arab Founding Fathers didn't exactly hold completely enlightened views and made a representative government work.
Heck, there are plenty of Americans who believe 9/11 was an inside job and/or that Barack Obama is not an American citizen who was born in Hawaii, despite a Certificate of Live Birth issued by the state of Hawaii and two newspaper article mentioning the birth of a Barack H. Obama (which is kind of a rare name in Hawaii)...and the fact that his mother was an American citizen.
Doublehelix, if I recall correctly, back when the U.S. government was first created, women were treated barely better than property, black people WERE property, and to vote you had to be a landowning white male. Yet we have a successful democracy, do we not?
Bush Sr aka -in the US Congress- "the unbeatable vetoer" stopped the Gulf War because he had achieved his objective: to impress the world and scare to death his enemies, present and future.
Had he marched into Baghdad he would have taken out Saddam but things would have been messier, it would have taken more time and casualties (guerrilla resistance) and his perfectly clean Gulf War sheet would have been tarnished.
He needed a perfectly clean sheet to justify his next, bigger war.
@ doublehelix RE Egypt: let´s watch the TV images of Cairo. I failed to see the huts and the witch doctors...there were a few camels...
Egypt´s GDP per capita is higher than that of for example Paraguay and Bolivia (both democracies, more or less),and doubles that of Indonesia and India (the largest democracy in the world since 1948, even if it is no Sweden)
I just don´t see why India, even muslim Indonesia can be democracies and Egypt, just across the Med from Europe, can not.
'"Desert Storm" gave America its first chance to demonstrate how its command of precision weapons made military resistance to the superpower futile.'
...and subsequent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan demonstrated how it is relatively trivial for a civilian resistance to bog down an occupying superpower indefinitely in a war of attrition. Let's hope that the lesson had been learned.
'its (America's) power of example remains strong in an Arab world'
If the Arab world starts following America's recent (and historic) example of using agression as a tool of statecraft then expect the middle east to go up in flames.
The first Iraq war was of US design. You can now hear an account of it in US congress. www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JANYT8FCik
What were the consequences other than a failed regime change operation which in turn led to the invasion and disaster. G HW Bush and Clinton and their cronies were every bit as incompetent as his Dubya. History will be more sympathetic to wrong headed Dubya than the other two in the fullness of time.
That the US imperial adventures are failing on the ground is not disputed in this narrative but the failure is down to GHW's imperialist adventurism in the Teddy Roosevelt tradition and overreach. Heard that one before? The seeds of US decline were sown when McKinley was assassinated. Between then and now all we have had is opportunism and decline since they were arrested at the 53rd parallel and from the resulting depression turned themselves into a debt based economy from 1960 onwards.
To put it as briefly as possible, I think in the short-run there are new difficulties that America has to deal with, probably encountering the same breed of people who are ruling Turkey right now. But there is really no way around it, this could not go on forever, thus in the long-run if the US succeeds in aligning its position with that of these democracies, our position in the MidEast will be okay.
@ doublehelix: "I will not even make an effort to hide my scepticism that a people who still believe to this day that 9-11 was an inside job concocted by the CIA, George W. Bush, and Israel are capable of forming a stable democracy, or if they even truly desire one."
I know, and yet somehow in America we manage to make it work!
Wait, I'm confused; wasn't this discussion about Egypt?