Johnson

Language

Grammar

Switched

Jan 12th 2012, 19:34 by G.L. | NEW YORK

More switches. Less hitches

ONE could just put this picture in the what-is-the-world-coming-to file and leave it at that. But the more I think about it, the more I wonder whether it was a mere infelicity on the part of an ill-educated copywriter for New York's Metropolitan Transity Authority, or a calculated act.

As Mark Liberman and Geoff Pullum explain, it's far from true that "fewer" must always be used with plural nouns; "less" is correct when the noun refers to something divisible, as in "seven dollars less", and may be allowed even with something indivisible when it's being considered as part of a "mass-like quantity" (for instance, "a margin of 5,000 votes or less"). So could hitches be considered a mass-like quantity? Well, maybe, if you think of them as contributing to some aggregate quotient of unhappiness in the life of the New York commuter. But I somehow doubt the copywriter looked up Messrs Liberman and Pullum before brushing the cake crumbs off his or her keyboard and getting down to work.

So that leaves two more explanations, besides sheer ignorance. The first is that the writer felt that "New switches, fewer hitches" just didn't scan as well. Personally I think it scans just fine. "Newer switches, fewer hitches" would be perfect, of course, but I suspect the MTA wouldn't want its switches to be called merely "newer", as if to imply that they bought a second-hand job lot off the London Underground and had them shipped across the Atlantic, to replace the decidedly long-in-the-tooth ones bequeathed as a gift from the Paris Metro back in the 1970s.

And the last option is just that "less" is the way people talk, and the MTA doesn't want to appear snooty and out-of-touch. Which would be a shame, because a message that stares you in the face on your way to and from work every day is bound to make an impression, and maybe it's paternalistic of me, but I think that public authorities (unlike, say, entertainers) ought to take an educational stance, not a populist one.

But I'm curious what you think. Was this a deliberate error, or an accidental one? And if deliberate, was it justified?

 

Readers' comments

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dM.nyc

I think it's become such an epidemic that average people don't actually notice the difference. As a matter of fact, the same grammar mistake made it into a current Mercedes-Benz commercial voiced by none other than Jon Hamm.

Anjin-San

There is a grammatically correct alternative way of reading "More switches, less hitches".
The new switches may have none of the hitches that plagued the old switches, so they are less (minus) the hitches...

BAM

Fully justified! That´s not a sentence. Simply, a statement in reply to your question. Why is it justified? Because "New" is a strong statement. Those switches are not "newer"; they are NEW. "Fewer"? Fewer than what? "Fewer" is comparative. "Less" is quantitative. Very clear. Today I'm surprised the copywriter didn´t write "No hitches". I presume that sign is not recent. BAM

GordonCampbell

I realise that incredulity is not an argument and that it's rude to shout, but WHAT!? It's not a deliberate mistake, it's not an accidental mistake. It's not a mistake! Does the author of this article really believe that someone is not entitled to use correct English unless they know that Professors Liberman and Pullum approve it? Maybe the copywriter just knows how to speak her native tongue. No one says 'fewer stuff'. That's a REAL rule of English. But plenty of very good writers in carefully edited prose use 'less' with countable nouns.

dakm108

I must say that the grammar argument was somewhat abstruse to me; I assumed that what Johnson objected to was the use of the term "less hitches", 'hitch' defined as 'fasten - attach - tie', and therefore less "hitches" meaning less fastening/attachment/ties between subway cars. Could be considered humorous, could be in poor taste, but regardless, seemed that this was a more interesting thing to comment on. Perhaps someone has already made this point, but I have not read through all of the comments.

Nirvana-bound

I concur with you. Unfortunately, the powers-that-be invariably resort to the 'populist' stance rather than an educational/honest one, for all the obvious reasons. Just like their opportunistic 'political' brothers. Sad..

MGK17

I've often wondered about why we -- and I include myself in this category -- tend to get so pedantic about fewer vs. less. The opposite of both is "more"; the language suffers no ambiguity from this. So, if "less" should replace "fewer", it would in no way diminish the expressive power of the language. While "less" with a count noun still sounds cringe-worthy to my ears, it may now or soon be used often enough to be considered standard usage. Let us try to be less pedantic, and make fewer objections, so that the language may be more capable of adapting.

Heldfast

It was an ignorant , not uncommon, misuse of "less" when "fewer" is correct. It is not unlike the frequent airline announcement that "we will be boarding momentarily". How many aircraft would depart empty if that meant what it said ? Want to try "burglarise " as well ?

guest-wsmnsim

I believe it is ignorance, as seems to be the case with so many people who do not understand the distinction. I don't agree with your first exception to the fewer/less rule: although "seven dollars less " is correct, it is an elliptical phrase for "seven dollars less THAN something". You would still say "Seven fewer dollars."

It is sad to see distinctions such as less/fewer fading from the language. Over time this one will probably disappear, but we don't have to accelerate its demise. It is a shame that the MTA seems to be intent upon just that.

Martocciad

Sir-

Normal people really don't care. Despite two advanced degrees, I had no idea that the use of the term "less" above was incorrect. The english language evolves and need not follow silly grammatical rules - deal with it.

Martocciad

Baralbion

Pam Peters, in ‘The Cambridge Guide to English Usage’, talks a great deal of sense on this as on so much else. The choice, she concludes, ‘was and is essentially a stylistic choice between the more formal “fewer” and the more spontaneous “less”. “Fewer" draws attention to itself, whereas “less” shifts the focus on to its more significant neighbours.’

I’m really rather surprised to find Johnson making such a fuss about it.

frankdirter

As English becomes more solidified as the lingua franca, it slowly is going to lose superfluous words that most languages do not accomodate: ask a German about our distinction between 'less' and 'fewer', or 'much' and 'many', makes sense...
In this case, I think it's also an echo of the famous Bud Light ad:
'Same Taste. Less Filling.'
The copyist was a beer drinker.

ashbird

LC,

Re my own comment on Mohawk: I wrote poorly. You realize, of course, you are not Mohawk (Last two sentences were confusing). Look forward to reading your post here there and evreywhere. :)

d22882288

If only they could have credibly said "new switches; no hitches"; if only new switches could guarantee few hitches... That, I think, is more compelling a message than less hitches (or for that matter fewer hitches), as "less" can still be a huge number, and "fewer" should in fact say fewer than what (e.g. fewer than 5000 a day)...
Bad message. And I would still prefer "fewer", if "few" won't do in this case.

About Johnson

In this blog, named after the dictionary-maker Samuel Johnson, our correspondents write about the effects that the use (and sometimes abuse) of language have on politics, society and culture around the world

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