Free exchange

Economics

German bunds

Fun with bunds

Nov 23rd 2011, 21:16 by G.I. | WASHINGTON

NEWS that a German auction of government bonds ("bunds") flopped rattled markets today. Since bloggers don't spend a lot of time immersed in the mechanics of European bond auctions, I asked Lorenzo Pagani, of Pimco's European government bond team, to explain how Germany's auction process works and what the Bundesbank's role is. He replied:

In Germany the debt auction process is similar to other countries'.  Dealers can bid with size and price. The difference is that in Germany, the Debt Agency (Finanzagentur) will retain part of the new issuance all the time, usually 15-20%, so they do not need full demand to issue. Also, the requirement to be a dealer in Germany means making sure of a minimum allocation across auctions that is relatively low (0.05%), while in other countries this requirement is higher (3% for example in Italy). Germany doesn’t grant greenshoe options to its dealers. Other countries do. A Greenshoe option gives the dealer the right to buy the bonds for a few day after the auction at the same price of the auction. Overall this means that demand for German auctions will tend to be lower—all else equal—than for other countries’ auctions. Since 2008, Germany has seen uncovered auctions 1 out of 5 times.  Today's retention amount was large, 39% of the 6bln target.

The Finanzagentur issued only 3.9bln cash. They gave 3.9bln bunds to the market and kept 2.1bln bonds on their books. In the future they can sell this retention amount into the secondary market, raising cash. You may have read that the Bundesbank bought the unfilled part of the auction; this is not correct. The Bundesbank is not financing Germany; it just operates as an agency for Finanzagentur. It is worth repeating that Finanzagentur always retains part of the bonds, so this part of the process is normal. Today the retention was larger than usual. This is probably due to low liquidity across market, lower incentive to place certain minimum size bids by dealers, and richness of bunds in general.

Readers' comments

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mashed potatoes

Thanks for the insight! Could you give it to Krugman as well, I think he doesn't have it on this particular issue (or maybe pretends not to have it for cheap reasons?) ... and not only that one ... LOL!

umghhh

So failed auction is not really failed it just went 'slighty' worse than it used to and you hear in the news 'euro collapsed' well Germany is broke as majority of other western countries are only contrary to what blood sniffing media would like to have they still can service their debt it seems.
I suppose we should educate our journalists first before we can trust them...

Daveycool

Yes, but the contagion effect can have an exponential growth curve especially in the contemporary world. If it becomes unbearably, and very apparently, expensive for Italy (which some would argue is already happening) everyone will rush out the door. This will include Germand bonds -- Italy is too big to fail and too big to save. Once that happens, the collapse will be very sudden and very fast and many will be caught bewildered like a deer in the headlights. It always starts with a trickle.

The thing is why isn't the ECB allowed to be the lender of last resort?

hedgefundguy

On Wednesday - the day of the auction - the German stock market - the DAX - fell about 1.44%

US markets fell by 2% (on lower than normal volume).

Thursday US markets were closed, and the DAX fell by 0.54%

Regards

richarddeleeuw

retaining and market probing is just part of the policies of the bundesbank to get supply of money for the lowest price possible. And a frugal auction, without any goodies a/o requirements around it such as greenshoes tresherhod etc, has a fine conditioning effect on the market and their perception of the intentions of the bundesbank. Very logical and clearing approach of the bundesbank. That now suddenly people, unaware till so far of this strategy, are scarred by the retainer size, is more telling then what actual happened. people are seeing things where there is nothing.

EEB1

Why would anyone want to buy German bonds at 2% when French bonds are over 3% and Italian are over 6% with no real default danger. Both countries are liquid and have no problems repaying their loans.
The premiums asked by the markets for these countries against German bonds, are simply profit maximizing taking advantage of emotions, not facts. With falling populations, even the slow to none existent GDP growth will still bring an increase on a per capita base.

Lubumbashi

In all fairness, how can Germany sell bonds at less than the inflation rate? Only because it is sucking money out of riskier places. Therefore there has to be some case for common Eurobonds. After all that was the case before the crisis, everyone assumed a bond issued by Greece or Italy WAS a eurobond, that's why they had the same risk premium. Now that Germany has made clear that there really is no bailout mechanism all countries are forced to default or balance their budgets. This is what is blowing the Eurozone apart. The shock is comparable to what would happen if the US suddenly decided to cap national debt and enforce balanced budgets on every state in the Union overnight.

The only sane way to end this crisis is for Germany to take the concessions given on national budget oversight, and allow the ECB to step in. This will weaken the Euro but stabilise it and the currency is over-valued anyway. Once the situation is stable, the treaties can be opened up to give countries a choice: proper fiscal oversight or orderly euro exit.

Vladvale1

So, the botton line is that it was no big deal...Ok. But, on the other hand, the fact that markets got so scared by this is telling of how much good the germanic "virtues" are doing to confidence...

Kaveh

Ok, I don't really get all that mumbo-jumbo. Could you please ask him a follow up question:

"Mr Pagani, without knowing precisely what the danger is, would you say it's time for our viewers to crack each other's heads open and feast on the goo inside?"

hankjw in reply to Kaveh

I believe G.I. is saying Germany's failed auction is not quite as shocking as might appears. The UST market gets nervous when bid-to-cover ratios drop below 2.5-1 or so, but if 1 in 5 German auctions goes uncovered, then not quite the catastrophe it initially seems. In other words, no head-cracking needed just yet.

Regards

chernyshevsky in reply to hankjw

I don't think he's saying that. The failure is shocking given the circumstance. The yield on the ten-year bund didn't just shot up by 12% in the secondary market for no reason (I presume people who trade this stuff probably know as much as Mr. Pagani about the process).

US Treasurys were auctioned off at record low yield today:

http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20111123-711612.html

That indicates that investors are starting to develop aversion to euro-denominated assets. I guess all the chest-beating by pundits about the need for the ECB to print has succeeded in calling the market's attention to potential FX risks. Of course, if fear of euro depreciation is in the air, then having the ECB declare itself a lender of last resort would not have the intended effect.

I'm not sure if eurobond is a solution either. With the possibility of France and Austria losing their AAA-ratings, the rescuer nations could be reduced to just Germany, Finland, and the Netherlands. It's by no mean certain that this group can cover the shortfall of everyone else.

At this point, I really think the problem is too big for Europe to solve. Only the IMF has the necessary power. When the US, UK, and Japan get involved, then frightened bond buyers will have nowhere to hide. The only tricky part is how to get Congress to approve an increase of the American SDR allocation by $2 trillion.

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In this blog, our correspondents consider the fluctuations in the world economy and the policies intended to produce more booms than busts. Adam Smith argued that in a free exchange both parties benefit, and this blog's aim is to encourage a free exchange of views on economic matters.

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