Feb 9th 2011, 14:50 by The Economist online
An index of unrest in the Arab world
IN THIS week's print edition we ran a table showing a number of indicators for members of the Arab League. By adding a few more and ascribing different weights to them we have come up with the Shoe-Thrower's index, which aims to predict where the scent of jasmine may spread next. Some factors are hard to put a number on and are therefore discounted. For instance, dissent is harder in countries with a very repressive secret police (like Libya). The data on unemployment were too spotty to be comparable and so this important factor is discounted too. We took out the Comoros and Djibouti, which do not have a great deal in common with the rest of the group, and removed the Palestinian territories, Sudan and Somalia for lack of data. The chart below is the result of ascribing a weighting of 35% for the share of the population that is under 25; 15% for the number of years the government has been in power; 15% for both corruption and lack of democracy as measured by existing indices; 10% for GDP per person; 5% for an index of censorship and 5% for the absolute number of people younger than 25. Jordan comes out surprisingly low on the chart, which suggests the weighting might need to be tweaked. Post suggestions in the comments below and we will refine it.

You can build your own revolutionary index using our
interactive shoe-thrower's index.
On this blog we publish a new chart or map every working day, highlight our interactive-data features and provide links to interesting sources of data around the web. The Big Mac index, house-price index and other regular features can be found on our Markets & data page
Advertisement
Over the past five days
Over the past seven days
Advertisement
Readers' comments
The Economist welcomes your views. Please stay on topic and be respectful of other readers. Review our comments policy.
Sort:
Add India too to the list. The hypocritical anti-corruption movement (which aims to install one big mammoth nationwide bureaucracy to combat corruption, apparently nobody noticing the joke) will soon lead to corruption reaching sky high levels. then India will topple too just like the arab regimes.
exceptional videos of arab unrest and african countries unrest,,, root causes of syria libya bahrain unrest complete detail country by country http://orbitgoogle.com/worldnews/turmoil-arab-middle-east-and-north-africa
A Group of Econometrics Students and I undertook a study of the factors affecting unrest, based on the Economist Shoe Throwers Index, using a ordered probit regression model.
We expanded the sample size to include all majority Muslim countries (47) and included several new variables, some based on the comments on this article. Our key findings were that youth population, corruption, literacy and Internet penetration were redundant variables, while urban population was an omitted variable.
If anyone is interested, a copy of our paper can be viewed at:
http://db.tt/zKL4cjf
As well as a short presentation:
http://db.tt/svTblob
These are dropbox links, otherwise send me an email and I can forward the files to you - wdhparker@gmail.com
I submit that food price inflation would give an accurate mapping to the present unrest.
udp1024 's comment is the most important for viewing this article in context. Are these figures good or bad - let's put our own nations in the pot.
Your weighting of time in government for Jordan seems unbalanced towards catering for the essentially tyrannical regimes. Jordan's is a more benign regime despite its time in power.
How about globalizing this chart? Let's see where United States, Canada and UK stand :)
Literacy Rates for sure. Access to Internet, Inflation rate and unemployment rate are all significant.
I suppose the name is regionalized eg Holland; the
Wooden-Shoe-thrower-index, Canada; the Snowshoe-thrower-index, the
Mid-east; the Sandal-thrower-index, Most of Africa; the
Cheap-rubber-flip-flop-thrower-index, US major cities; the
unlaced-right-out-of-the-box-stolen-basketball-thrower-index,
Nantucket: the Topsider-thrower-index, Switzerland, France, Italy; the
Brightly-colored-ski-boot-thrower-index (ouch) and the Northern
Territories; the clubbed-baby-sealskin-Mukluk-thrower index
Just a bit of fun. Of course understand this is not a very thoughtful approach to categorizing civil unrest.
As a Bahraini (you know, one of the jasmine scented shoe-throwers), I find this entire concept absurdly offensive. To boil down violent civil unrest (each with its own entirely individual history)which has claimed the lives of hundreds, possibly thousands, to a flippant 'interactive shoe-throwing chart' is, frankly, a worrying statement about the disconnect media has from the real human suffering of those it is commentating and reporting on.
Next week, "The Laziness Index of Third World Countries" and the "Jewish Conspiracy 500 richest men in the world"?
I would suggest a slightly different approach. The drivers are:
Fears,
Hope,
Population to prosecute the resolution of the fears (Youth percentage, Youth actual number but also the Armed Forces (including police) who share the same problems)
The existance of a "spark", ie violent death.
Fears could be measured by how far from the present condition and way of life (living, education, principles) is the presented future in the media (news, internet, gossips, blogs etc measured in level of change and time.
Hope is the same as Fears but from the opposite perspective.
Percentage of youth as it has been presented.
Actual number of youths.
Fear and Hope in the Armed Forces.
The existence of a violent death presented in the media.
Concerning Weights I would first introduce a ROC (Rank Order Centroid) approach and have some historical data as test data.
I have a few sugegstions that would hopefully improve the predictive powers:
- Add Income disparity (as indicated by the Gini index)
- Add unemplyment statistics (even estimates if possible)
- As a result,reduce the weight placed on population under 25.
The index idea is excellent. I'd like to suggest some additional measures:
1. Population level of education: In Tunisia, population is highly educated. Education is an important factor that can fuel anger at injustices
2. Number of Internet users. Internet provide the average Middle Easter citizen with access to free and independent information and news. Tech savvy users tend to rebel more
3. Sectarian decomposotion: Countries where a sectarian majority is ruled by another minority tend to have more explosiveness. Bahrian and Syria are good examples.
4. Number of political and opinion prisoners
You seem to be missing the most important factor.
The rising food prices should be included in this index and also how large a share does an average family spend on food of their total income.
Doubling the price of food will send any society on the road of chaos, if the people already spend half of their money on food.
Being very cynical, I would add some indicators addressing the value of the country, such as GDP or gross exports. The net worth of the current ruler would also be an excellent index.
I'm curious about such ratings taken somewhat snobbishly from the seeming tranquillity of a developed free democracy as the UK - how would the UK score ? We have plenty of youth disgruntlement (unemployment levels of those without university places, tuition fee issues for those with).
It could be interesting to make a indicator for latin america.
Economist's Index of arab unrest is helpful and illuminating. For technical problems, I understand why the Economist was not able to take into consideration some qualitative variables. But it seems to me that at least political legitimacy, one of these qualitative variables, should have been introduced into the model. Otherwise, it would be very difficult to segment arab countries and to understand why the unrest is more probable in some states than in into others. Here, I am only relying on basic principles of sociological and political theories. It is difficult but not impossible to translate political legitimacy into quantitative measure.
What about some proxy for education? literacy rates, enrollment, etc. A small factor, yes, but it surely contributes.
So how do the rest of the UN member states stack up on this index?